Cultural Industries
1) What does the term 'Cultural Industries' actually refer to?
The term ‘cultural industry’ refers to the creation, production, and distribution of products of a cultural or artistic nature.
2) What does Hesmondhalgh identify regarding the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable?
Hesmondhalgh identifies that the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable tend to be societies that support the conditions where large companies, and their political allies, make money.
3) Why do some media products offer ideologies that challenge capitalism or inequalities in society?
Media product tend to offer ideologies which challenge capitalism or the inequalities of gender and racism in
society. This happens because the cultural industry companies need to continuously compete with each other to secure audience members.
4) Look at page 2 of the factsheet. What are the problems that Hesmondhalgh identifies with regards to the cultural industries?
•Risky business
•Creativity versus commerce
•High production costs and low reproduction costs
•Semi-public goods; the need to create scarcity
5) Why are so many cultural industries a 'risky business' for the companies involved?
Risk derives from the fact that audiences use cultural commodities in highly volatile and unpredictable ways – often in order to express the view that they are different from other people.
6) What is your opinion on the creativity v commerce debate? Should the media be all about profit or are media products a form of artistic expression that play an important role in society?
I believe if media products have creative/ artistic flair to them then as customers it can be easy to see how the media product is made with more passion which could make the customer feel more pleasure and joy when watching it
7) How do cultural industry companies minimise their risks and maximise their profits? (Clue: your work on Industries - Ownership and control will help here)
Cultural industries can be highly profitable in spite of high levels of risk, but it may be difficult to achieve high levels of profit for independent or individual companies
8) Do you agree that the way the cultural industries operate reflects the inequalities and injustices of wider society? Should the content creators, the creative minds behind media products, be better rewarded for their work?
Yes many topics in the cultural industries issue real life problems and injustice that is faced into to day society like poverty, drugs etc.
9) Listen and read the transcript to the opening 9 minutes of the Freakonomics podcast - No Hollywood Ending for the Visual-Effects Industry. Why has the visual effects industry suffered despite the huge budgets for most Hollywood movies?
The audience has a great expectation for realism. They want shots, visual effects – whether it’s a planet exploding or it’s something as simple as a robot of some kind – they want it to feel completely real
10) What is commodification?
Commodification is the changing social significance of the cultural industries which involves the transforming of objects and services into commodities.
11) Do you agree with the argument that while there are a huge number of media texts created, they fail to reflect the diversity of people or opinion in wider society?
There is definitely many media text which reflects the diversity of people and unpopular opions on socitey however it depends which media text are more like to become popular and that is why people may feel the cultural industry fails to reflect diversity.
12) How does Hesmondhalgh suggest the cultural industries have changed? Identify the three most significant developments and explain why you think they are the most important.
Hesmondhalgh references Mosco (1996): “There is a difference between multiplicity – a large number of voices – and diversity – whether or not these voices are actually offering different things from each other.”
The term ‘cultural industry’ refers to the creation, production, and distribution of products of a cultural or artistic nature.
2) What does Hesmondhalgh identify regarding the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable?
Hesmondhalgh identifies that the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable tend to be societies that support the conditions where large companies, and their political allies, make money.
3) Why do some media products offer ideologies that challenge capitalism or inequalities in society?
Media product tend to offer ideologies which challenge capitalism or the inequalities of gender and racism in
society. This happens because the cultural industry companies need to continuously compete with each other to secure audience members.
4) Look at page 2 of the factsheet. What are the problems that Hesmondhalgh identifies with regards to the cultural industries?
•Risky business
•Creativity versus commerce
•High production costs and low reproduction costs
•Semi-public goods; the need to create scarcity
5) Why are so many cultural industries a 'risky business' for the companies involved?
Risk derives from the fact that audiences use cultural commodities in highly volatile and unpredictable ways – often in order to express the view that they are different from other people.
6) What is your opinion on the creativity v commerce debate? Should the media be all about profit or are media products a form of artistic expression that play an important role in society?
I believe if media products have creative/ artistic flair to them then as customers it can be easy to see how the media product is made with more passion which could make the customer feel more pleasure and joy when watching it
7) How do cultural industry companies minimise their risks and maximise their profits? (Clue: your work on Industries - Ownership and control will help here)
Cultural industries can be highly profitable in spite of high levels of risk, but it may be difficult to achieve high levels of profit for independent or individual companies
8) Do you agree that the way the cultural industries operate reflects the inequalities and injustices of wider society? Should the content creators, the creative minds behind media products, be better rewarded for their work?
Yes many topics in the cultural industries issue real life problems and injustice that is faced into to day society like poverty, drugs etc.
9) Listen and read the transcript to the opening 9 minutes of the Freakonomics podcast - No Hollywood Ending for the Visual-Effects Industry. Why has the visual effects industry suffered despite the huge budgets for most Hollywood movies?
The audience has a great expectation for realism. They want shots, visual effects – whether it’s a planet exploding or it’s something as simple as a robot of some kind – they want it to feel completely real
10) What is commodification?
Commodification is the changing social significance of the cultural industries which involves the transforming of objects and services into commodities.
11) Do you agree with the argument that while there are a huge number of media texts created, they fail to reflect the diversity of people or opinion in wider society?
There is definitely many media text which reflects the diversity of people and unpopular opions on socitey however it depends which media text are more like to become popular and that is why people may feel the cultural industry fails to reflect diversity.
12) How does Hesmondhalgh suggest the cultural industries have changed? Identify the three most significant developments and explain why you think they are the most important.
Hesmondhalgh references Mosco (1996): “There is a difference between multiplicity – a large number of voices – and diversity – whether or not these voices are actually offering different things from each other.”
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